The First Triumvirate

Caesar, Crassus and Pompey were seg custodytation of what is known as the First Triuvirate, a triumvirate being a legal govern custodytal alliance between tierce manpower. Paterculus describes the triumvirate as a partnership of power. Cicero regarded the triumvirate as uni exercisely odious to all sorts and classes and ages of men Cicero likewise regarded the policy-making coalition as the main cause for the civil state of war in 49BC. The coalition lasted for approximately septenary eld- from about 60BC until 53BC. This secret, non-official alliance should not be called the number one and only(a) triumvirate because it was non-offical.The triumvirs- Pompey, Crassus and Caesar each use polar methods in line of battle to grasp their individual goals- whether it was for their personal enliven or the interest of the political and social group of populares these men represented and were close to . Some of these alter methods were effectual, and whatever were not. Eac h triumvir had different aims, or a number of goals. Each piece of music cute to contact something different from the coalition. Pompey wished for convey for his veterans, as tumesce as his eastern settlement sign or authorize en bloc, or altogether.Crassus wanted a rebate for the equestrian value farmers. Caesar needed a consulship for 59BC, as well up as a province for 58BC to bewilder scope for his military ability and in send to gain glory also. Caeasr passed his common riches bill (lex Campania) using the little terror of force, ignoring the disconsolate omens as well as ignoring the banish of Biblius, Biblius was the optimates representative and it shows the continuation of the throw together between two main poltical and social classes in Rome over power, wealth and equal rights. He was Biblius the second consul. The lex Campania aimed at providing land for Pompeys veterans.Pompey was apparently hard-pressed with the way the law was passed. Cicero, in a lette r to Atticus said regarding Pompeys position Pompey has fenced so far with the weighty questions. When asked, he said that he concord with Caesars laws. But what about his methods? Caesar must answer that for himself, he replied. During Julius Caesars first consulship (59BC) a tribune, Vatinius was made to good use, He passed a bill and thus ratified Pompeys settlement en bloc, he gained a rebate for the equestrians in telation to the deviation to the tax contract.Vatinius also proposed to the assembly that Caesar should be given Illyricum and both gauls for five divisions as well as an troops of three legions, this was passed despite unfavour able omens. payable to vatinius help as a tribune in 59bc, each triumvir gained most of what they wanted. Julius Caesar also aid in changing Clodius Pulchers status, so that clodius could help the triumvirate. Caeasr helped Clodius change from the patrician to mutual status. Clodius became a tribune and introduced four laws.He also i ntroduced exhaust clavus as a grease ones palms, this evidently benefited the poor and masses, but had negative effects in politics since it was often utilise to manipulate the plebs as a form of bribe for their vote. Free corn was ordinarily used by populares leaders to bribe the people for political interests. The two censors were able to expel senators only when they were both in agreement and and after a juridical enquiry had been held. No magistrates could stop general business by the use of auspices or observing ill-omens. Clodius pulcher as tribune in 58BC also exiled Cicero because of the threat he impose on the triumvirs.Clodius introduced to rid any magistrate who had dedicate to death a Roman citizen without trial- this was obiously aimed at Cicero, because he had put to death the Catilinarian conspirators in 63VC, against Julius Caesars wishes (warnings on the law). After Ciceros exile, according to Plutarch, it was obvious to others that Cicero was a burst man- he remained for most of the time low-spirited and disconsolate, keeping his eyes fixed, like a distressed lover, on Italy. The triumvirate became under gouge between 58 and 56 BC for various conditions.The enmity between Pompey and Crassus contributed largely. As Crassus and Pompey both achieved their goals, Pompey was embarrassed by Caesars methods and Crassus was eager to humiliated Pompey was a reason for the triumvirate being under pressure. Cicero also attacked one of Caesars bills in the senate- the lex Campania which threatened the wiz of the coalition. Cicero continued to attempt to win Pompey away from the coalition with Crassus and Pompey. Cicero also undermined the coalition merely by speaking for Pompeys particular(prenominal) demand by particular date.The people were complain about the high price of the corn as well as the shortfall of it. It means that Clodius law to provide let loose corn was unsuccessful. Cicero spole for pompeys command of the corpu scle supply as the people demanded that Pompey should be appointed in charge of the supplies of grain. Plutarch suggests that the appointment made Pompey once again the keep in line of all ROMAN possessions by ocean and by land, and Crassus and Caesar would have not been happy woth the appointment because Pompey would have more power than the rest of the triumvirs.The gathering at luca in 56BC had the aim of solving these problems, and it successfully strengthened the postion of the coalition between the three men overall- a public balancing between Pompey and Crassus largely achieved this. At the conference it was also agreed that Crassua nd Pompey would bear for a ocnuslship the following year- 55bc- a articulatio one. To achieve their aims of having a consulship together, Crassus and Pompey used some dodgy tactics in order to be elected.They had powerful ptimates enemies, Domitius Ahenobarbus in particular. They seek their best to delay the elections being held and also pr eventing the consuls in hilding the election unitl the ened of the term. tHEY BOTH resorted to wildness , among other things. By the end of the year no elections wre held. aN interrex was appointed- however this was a poltical friend- companionate to Pompey. This interrex suggested that only two candidates for the joint consulship be elected, obviously aiming at Crassus and pOmpey as candidates.During the elections, Anhenobarbus was weakened in a riot, and Pompey and Crassus were elected for a second time as consuls. POMPEY and Crassus aimed to gain valuable proconsular commands, and with the help of tribune c. trebonius he awarded Crassus the province of Syria and Pompey the two Spains, as well as Caesars Gallic command extended. Throughout the years 60-53bc, the span of the triumvirate, the political coaltion between these three men used a variety of methods to achieve their poltical goals/aims.These three men met their goals theough the use of tribunes- Vatinius and C. Treboni us. Both of these methods were effective as their goals were granted however they were in the main short lasting resolutions because soon the triumvirate skint down and the civil war following which had devasting effects. ahOWEVER, the violence that Crassus and Pompey used in order to be elected for their joint consulship in 55BC was wrong and iniquitous. Caesar also used violence- the threat of force- to pass his lexCampania during his first consulship in 59BC. Pompey became in truth unahappy with the way that Caear passed his lex Campania. The threat of force was a very strong factor in preventing the triumvirs opponents from resorting to violence themselves, and many argue that it was a necessity for any of the three men to resort to threats, violence or illegal activity in order to achieve their political goals/or aims. The mehods used by the three men were on the effective, howevr sometimes the methods they used is not justified.