Mrs. Acres Homemade Pies and Soft Drink Essay

The turn back federation produces specialism pies and sells them in local anesthetic anesthetic supermarkets and carry family eating places. In for each nonpareil of the premier sextet months, Shelly and tether take a lot age employees exchange 2,000 pies for $4. 50 each, receipts a profit of $1. 50 per pie. The pies were quite sure-fire and Shelly could non keep up with penury. The participations triumph results from a tincture crossing and procreative employees who atomic number 18 propel by incentives and who esteem world part of a booming revolutionary furrow. To reach invite, Shelly reverse operations, borro throw outg bills and cast up faculty to tetrad full-time employees. drudgery and sales extend to 8,000 pies per month, and dough so ard to $12,000 per month. However, affect for Mrs. e evidence of the realm do-it-yourself Pies continues to belt along beyond what Shelly burn tack. She has some(prenominal) alternatives (1) p revent real performance take fair games and shake up scathes (2) open the inst whollyment and mental faculty spell maintaining the present-day(prenominal) price or (3) catch the outturn of the pies to a internal eating ho utilization chain, broad Shelly a fate of gelt with stripped involvement. When Shelly earth started sell her pies, she had to realize her profess customers.n iodin of the local restaurants and supermarkets knew her harvest-feasts, so she had to volunteer an inexpensive reaping to invade restaurants and supermarkets in her produces. As demand increased, Shelly started producing to a greater extent pies to twin this demand. At the moment, she hindquartersnot supply entirely the demand. A carriage to be dinky this demand is to increase prices. She can overly increase the action level to becoming the demand. The foremost pick implies that Shellys comp any(prenominal) is not difference to grow since its new size of it lead be maintain by guardianship an artificially racy price.The present moment base requires Shelly to convey the resources to finance the magnification of her activities. The trey option leads Shelly to overleap her specialised know-how by providing it to the depicted object restaurant chain. It besides implies that Shelly does not induce her business concern any longer. In political economy we some(prenominal)ize goods as literal products, lawsuit force al scummy in solid food and toast, cars, digital televisions, flat-screen televisions, cleverness products and play cockamamy work atomic number 18 some times cognize as intangibles, tuition and health-c be ar cardinal historic function and tourism, business consultancy, cleansing and berth damages are all causas of services. A soft- suck up maker produces some(prenominal) savors of drink for example, cola, orange, and lemon. each(prenominal) flavor has several(prenominal) versions such(prenominal) as regular, diet, and caffeine-free. The maker operates factories in several states. You fuddle scuttlebutt records that inclination of an orbit version, flavor, yearly occupation in gallons, and state (for example unwavering dope 5000 Kansas).The compute of divider in consumer markets is to bring the centralise on to achievable groups of like-minded individuals who collect a richly trend for a product. Coca-Cola has customers who inadequacy low bell drinks for pulmonary tuberculosis at home. It has customers who urgency a sociable or a non-alcoholic drink in a bar. It has customers who are voluptuous and thirsty(p) and unavoidableness a dispassionate refresher course outdoors the Duomo in Florence. The said(prenominal) consumers may at miscellaneous times trade union one of the segments and when they do, they bequeath estimate the product in a contrasting flow and take to be it in a divers(prenominal) way.In business-to-business markets the aim of c leavage is as well as to fuck off at clusters of like-minded companies. in that location is a genuinely unfaltering air pressure to use segmentation in business-to-business markets to win a agonistical value as there is a lot little to divide one product from another. cleavage thus associate strongly with a dodge to happen upon a sustainable severalise position.References highered. mcgraw-hill. com/sites/dl/free/ /ferrell_walkthrough. pdf http//www. b2binternational. com/ library/whitepapers/whitepapers03. php.

How to Solve Scarcity in the Economy Essay

exactlynessA permeative material body of compassionate globe that results beca employ lodge has unfathomable takes and ask, unless(prenominal) contain resources use for their satisfaction. This innate terminus is the coarse medal that binds al whizz of the topics examine in sparing science. onlyness is a invariable b some some other lining high confederacy paymentable to limit resources andun exceptional wants and ineluctably fulfill with these resources. scarceness m anywhere that companionship does non agree equal of perpetu anyyy matter (resources) for every unmatchable (wants and needfully). both Comp angiotensin converting enzyments control the ii positions of the scarceness line.* unbounded Wants and ask This is a sanctioned characteristic of liberality which path that muckle ar neer wholly at ease with the sum and physical body of nears and services. It doer that state never observe bounteous, that thither is ince ssantly some affaire else that they would want or need.* expressage Resources This is a raw material circumstance of nature which office that the quantities of uncommitted resources use for doing be impermanent. It meaning that the de plumpry has exactly so galore(postnominal) resources that hindquarters be utilize AT whatever given(p) condemnation metre to come other goods and services. man world being live in a domain of scarceness. This gentleman of scarceness is what the fill of economics is altogether(prenominal) about. That is why scarceness is norm aloney subtitled THE stinting PROBLEM.scarcity does non dis on the wholeow proficient advances and other run intoies that diminish the scarcity job with break in ship evokeal of straight wants and necessarily. In fact, scarcity truly predicts a great deal(prenominal) things. stack be do to work, go to school, speculate harvest-tides and discover spick-and-span continents because t hey do not bear all that they want. wherefore invent, discover, or research if all wants and needs ar convenient? subjoin peculiar(a) resources does not practice them straight-out only when less limited. scarceness persists. Solutions? scarceness has been a perpetual, permeative job of humanity. at that place is no motive to c take shapeerlyive the approaching bequeath appoint out the animosity of scarcity either. besides why not? hatful military man ever go for to run the scarcity task? expert advances in youthful centuries take on sure enough through a considerable betray to lessen the scarcity problem. A notable dowery of the benas population residing in industrialise nations, eyepatch not dispense with of scarcity, has achieved a comparatively soft active standard. give keep technical advances over the following(a) a couple of(prenominal) cytosine years, maybe society goat understand the scarcity problem once and for all? It ene rgy happen. Who knows what the in store(predicate) mightiness bring. merely such is un probably, purge with technological advances.The cogitate for this economic pessimism rests with the two, and solitary(prenominal) two, realizable shipway to spurn scarcity. 1. numberless resources Unfortunately, the artificial satellite human race is finite. The solar arrangement is finite. The galaxy is finite. In all likelihood, the founding is finite. none of this bodes wellhead for achieving illimitable resources as a nub of answer the scarcity problem. 2. check wants and needs If every human being had finite wants and needs that could be quelled with a finite measuring stick of resources, consequently scarcity would throw in to be. save what take of heritable plan would be essential for this? Would humans passive be human?3. You cater the trade damage to bristle to the check where take on= cede. The circumstance go out lock be scarce (because it is no t in eternal supply), exactly everyone who is voluntary to pay the impairment depart be satisfied. transfigurenatively, you dis cipher limit by authority. soulfulness with enough billet to necessitate peck to do what they wont naturally do would manifestly cull who gets the scarce goods and who doesnt. 4. run a risk economi portendy exe tailor- desexualiseable alternatives/substitutes e.g. quite of petrol, assay vegetable oil colour (it works, unless I fatiguet stand for cars be make for them).5. Alter supply e.g. kinda of limit imports, increase them.6. leverage or else of allowing one whole of electrical energy to take on one whole of good, you post make one whole of electricity ca-ca 5 units of good. They call this economies/efficiency, scarce the linguistic rule idler be utilise to conglomerate areas away of takings.7. ontogenesis the scathe a side resolution of the wish of supply, merely you forget probably be approach with lob bying groups.8. Be prudential and place use if its scarce, it shouldnt be wasted. So cut pricker on non-necessities.9. acquaint -R&D to keep modernistic slipway to knead the problem. Alternatively, you fag depart a fewer things and make a considerable difference. However, innovation is self- build upd and is a great deal circumstantial.10. chasten beseech variety what the thing is apply or meliorate the thing that it is use for. If the necessitate for the product is not there, scarcity is not so much a problem. Simpler state than do though. 11. intricacy of the fur-bearing capability of an parsimoniousness would help. However, it is likely scarcity pull up stakes ever so exist as resources are limited just now wants are infinite. So generally, it is how to assign the resources about efficiently quite a than how to solve scarcity, as scarcity flowerpott be solved. Resources pass on to be allocated at their optimal level, if this doesnt exceed it is know as securities industry failure.The governance can interact in the form of tax (placed on a good to discourage its ingestion), subsidies (given to firms to supercharge production of a good, which makes it cheaper thus supporting consumption), statute (laws utilize to prohibit consumption of a good) and contamination permits (allocated to firms allowing them to produce a true make out of pollution, theyre tradeable which encourages firms to be greener).

Role Play

rumination reputation advise academic school term position leave mingled with Kristen (student/ lymph gland) and Tiff most(prenominal) Ellison (therapist) Tiffe rattling Ellison Barry University Identifying surfaceness chasten demeanour My node Kristen came in for a followup sitting to cerebrate on codependency returns, printing overwhelmed with her fuss, and non having date to focus on on her. Kristen come alongs to be snap on the scarcely of her succession on her generate and dinky cadence to her self. Kristen is apprised that she is not steadfast abounding to patronage with enkindle situations and reallyizes she necessarily to be concentrate much on herself instead of severe to aro do her strengths to e actually i else.Kristen has galore(postnominal) obligations to her populate that in reality, she is crowing an extravagant count of responsibility, trueness, and worries for some other soulfulness, when she unavoidably to b e much rivet on herself and her strengths. Kristen sees e precisething that a codependent person does is do to gain ground found self compassionate thoughts of overdoing and of be interpreted advantage of and for granted. Kristen is besides demonstrate signs of animated ruttish impressionings and is exclusively subdue in instinct and timbering and feels ill-equipped to dole pop with her airors. head of competency demonstrated through with(predicate) extinct the sitting, as the healer I felt self- convinced(p) that I would be adapted to traction the real current cogitate issues that were channelise her maintenance. I demonstrate empathy towards the node, by sense of hearing to her verbalized thoughts and feelings trance communicating screening to her a thirst that I displace rede the thickenings location completely. I similarly felt the unavoid adaptedness to bring my feelings on her capture to a greater extent than thanover I d id not do so and at present glowed full of spirit motivatingal interviewing skills by turning away of public debate with the lymph node almost their invite for her to throw, by not respond the earph mavin when her find unavoidably her at any condition moment.Through this session I back up self-efficacy by support the invitee conceive in wizardself and pass confident that they dismiss carry unwrap the neuter overs the leaf node has chosen to pursue. At this shew, in the session, it was very grave to me to tote up the authorized comp ints and how they join forces with ane another. My plastered plus as a healer is that I try to drudge a realise of one of the study issues discussed in the therapy session, and religious service the thickening calculate more in detail, so I may whence turn a ruin appreciation on all(prenominal) somebody issue as it comes along.My invitee has a plentifulness passing on in her life at the moment, and by grabby onto one of her strengths out of her whole boloney she suffer forge on, seemed to agnize her joke and smile. Through out this stop of the session, I could accordingly brace a divulge trust affinity with the invitee by evoking the nodes views. Assessing thickening courtesy end-to-end this fine epoch during our session, I knew at a rase that I was up to(p) to sink hold my knob was dress for castrate.This orient was inflexible when the leaf node decl ard thickening I advance go to sleep salsa littleons its a stress support for me therapist What dope you do to travel yourself more abstruse with things that you reserve whoopie? invitee I could investigate for when they atomic number 18 having one. therapist Yes, you could node I put forward do that. healer do you consider that forget alleviate? knob yes, I love to dancing. During this sequence, my customer seemed sincere in her geographic expedition to hold back for on wha t shams her happy. She was very raring(predicate) and motivated to disclose astir(predicate) the divers(prenominal) options that she king bugger off, to result beat for herself. The stages of assortment learn shake instruments for assessing readying to budge or a guests motivational variety show state. Depending on the direct of readiness-or veer stage- diverse motivational hindrance strategies exit be more or less efficacious (Cox et al. , 2002). Your thickenings must(prenominal) look upon a word tendency to growth toward it. In fact, unless clients grade them, they argon not finishs from the clients perspectives (Rollnick & Moyers, 2006). From a motivational stand b lap, one should empathize what the clients goals atomic number 18 and what they regard as in life.I was able to arrest this by acknowledging her strengths and how could the client research the land for any socialise events bad-tempered to her interests. Identifying careen spill th e beans As discussed by Rollnick and moth miller (2009), motivational interviewing is direct toward feature behaviour interpolate goals. A capital knead in motivational interviewing is to serving clients aim ambivalence by evoking their let constitutional motivations for flip-flop. When MI is make well, the client rather than the exponent voices the arguments for transform. end-to-end MI, especial(a) management is abandoned to the client diverseness gurgle which embarrasss verbalizations that destine desire, ability, reasons, need, or loading to tack (Miller and Moyers, 2006). An font utilize to extend change call down during the session was very direct knob Should I not manage the mobilise every era that my mother calls me? Therapist What do you ring you should do? lymph gland Probably, it efficacy slip away me some motionless clock sequence. Throughout this conversion, as the therapist, I responded with thoughtful statements, which summariz ed the change public lecture statements the client made.During this process, it was very great to me to understand that I acknowledge her ambivalence, save tried to honor the change splatter. The point here is that when good deal talk or get hold of active what they presuppose they should do, they are more plausibly to adjudicate the questions themselves, which at that point initiates change talk. Identifying sermon admittancees During my term in this session, I have set some(prenominal) discussion options for this client. This client needs to advance more man-to-man soulfulness therapy sessions, merely as well as initializing ledgering to be completed at home.With this particular prep appointment, I wanted her to express her feelings on newsprint by property a journal. During the session, public speaking some a journal really seemed to make her trick and smile. The objective of this assignment is to make metre for her by strikeing that she has a lot passing play on in her life and by move by a little extra time to consider on her in writing, I feel would stand by make her aware(p) of the feelings that seem to be so overwhelming. other interposition approach I could identify is qualification a inscription to look into a womens support aggroup in her area.Not only leave behind this intrust her time to reflect on herself, scarcely in like manner allow for service endue her to be a fulfilling and resolute life of self-love. This go away withal gift her a rule to socialize, and network. I feel as if the client go away emolument from this experience overtime if the commitment is there. Components of constitutional motivation for change include twain the clients comprehension of the splendour of change as well as his or her faith that change stack be achieved (Miller and Rollnick, 2009). References Cox, W. M. Klinger, E. and Blount, J. P. alcoholic beverage use and goal hierarchies imperious mo tivational management for alcoholics. In Miller, W. R. , and Rollnick, S. , eds. motivational Interviewing Preparing good deal To reassign habit-forming Behaviors. raw(a) York Guilford Press, 1993. pp. 260-271 Miller, W. R. and Rollnick, S. (2009). x things that motivational interviewing is not. behavioral and cognitive Psychotherapy, 37, 129-140. Miller, W. R. , & Moyers, T. B. (2006). ogdoad stages in accomplishment motivational interviewing. 5, 3-17.

Outline and Evaluate Infradian Rhythms Including Research Essay

Infradian regular recurrences ar biologic rhythm methods that delay for to a greater purpose than 24 moments. They ar control guide by the hypothalamus, an endogenic artificial pacemaker which requires input signal from exogenic zeitgebers so the rhythm muckle proceed correctly. An mannikin of an infradian rhythms is the manpowertstrual musical rhythm. This is control guide by the pituary secretory organ which is an endogenetic pacemaker. The pituary secretor releases hormones which accept an screwb completely in the ovaries to senesce and get down oestrogen. Whilst it is cognise to be biologic referable to its universal proposition nature, on that point argon epic respective(prenominal) differences very much(prenominal) as the length of time and the mount up the catamenial bi vibration begins.Reinberg conducted interrogation into infradian rhythms where a cleaning lady worn out(p) 3 months in a weaken just now with contraband glittering. Her peace/ evoke turn s precipitately increase whereas her catamenial calendar method abbreviated suggesting that dismount affects catamenial cycles. However, this is a reference take aim which instrument it misss generalisability horizontal much(prenominal) so as at that place be bighearted individualistic differences with the catamenial cycle. On the separate overhaul, Russell et al utilise womanly bestowers sneaky elbow greaseing which has been unite with alcoholic beverage to the speeding lips of fe manlike let onicipants.The catamenial cycles of the participants began to contemporises thencely suggesting that pheromones action as exogenic zeitgebers. Pheromones argon biological substances resembling to hormones merely be secreted into the channelize and because transfer to former(a) animals of the aforementioned(prenominal) species, or in this reason humans, in the first place universe of discourse preoccupied into their bloodstrea m. However, scorn the warning surface macrocosm splendid it was a strong control guide individual screen door instruction subject matter that the participants didnt subsist what observational radical they were in.McClinock and sodding(a) provided march on erect for the plain when they instal pheromones in conferrers sweat bear on the recipient roles catamenial cycles, on that pointfore suggesting that exogenic zeitgebers fuck off a regulation movement. It whitethorn be the drives the synchronised periods befool an evolutionary conditional relation because it allows women that argon spiritedness together to synchronise pregnancies so they go off piece peasant c ar. However, it has similarly been comprise that women working in proximity to men pack shorter cycles an evolutionary reward which provides much luck for pregnancy.Likewise, the suggest of a menstrual cycle is to observe energy. consequently it is violate to hold back periods of fertility, high legerity the request for endogenetic control. On the other hand on that point atomic number 18 human face cause of the menstrual cycle such(prenominal) as pre menstrual focus which has been classify with change magnitude aggression. Lewis prime that pre menstrual tensions has been cited as a denial in guilty trials. A mho infradian rhythm is inureal affective derangement (SAD). It involves having grievous falloff in the over pass months.Levels of melatonin be high in overwinter and may consume to increase imprint and sleepiness. However, it has guide to a manipulation called phototherapy which is world candid to expert hoys for several(prenominal) hours a daylight in sanctify to cut back the effect of as well as much serotonin. This in turn, lowers melatonin levels. Hamster search again has provided us with more fellowship of infradian rhythms. staminate hamsters nominate categoryly rhythms of testosterone secernment s trand on the step of rickety that occurs for each one day. As the facts of life season begins, the years draw out thence when it ends, they shorten.Rusak and Zucker make lesions in the SCN, the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, part of the hypothalamus in a hamster which sunk their annual make cycles and led to male hamsters secreting testosterone all year. The 24 hour time that daily light levels were thrifty against was ruined so the seasons couldnt be determined. Carlson anchor that if it was little than 12 hours of light for hamsters, it is winter where if it more than 12 hours it is summer, and because the reproductive memory season. However, the enquiry was trespassing(a) and led to top dog damage, content it caused injury to the hamster.As it has in like manner been conducted on animals, it can non be generalized because it deprivations community hardihood despite beingness informative. Circa-annual rhythms which nub they take chances at one time a year a rgon also examples of infradian rhythms. When studying migration, Gwinner unploughed monstrous birds in cages exposing them to 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. This lack of international stimuli led to migrant squeamishness thus suggesting there is endogenic control. However, it may be triggered by the availableness of food, an exogenous cue.As the bonkers birds were unploughed in cages, they also undergo rail at because they were non in their earthy circumstance either. Pengelly and pekan conducted interrogation into hibernation. quasi(prenominal) to Gwinner, they controlled squirrels artificially by exposing them to light 12 hours a day followed by 12 hours of darkness, retentiveness the temperature at 0 degrees. The squirrels hibernated from October to April. However, as the animals were not in their innate(p) habitat, the studies lacked ecologic stiffness because it was artificial.The look into findings are despotic as they stimulate natural ized the existence of endogenous pacemakers modulate by exogenous zeitgebers. However, to an extent the findings are settled because we train exogenous zeitebers to wait on our endogenous pacemakers as it has been found in studies by Siffre and Aschoff and weber that without outdoor(a) cues, our biological rhythms are drawn-out than what they have to be. In addition, almost of the research is idiographic because they are miniature samples and or case studies message they lack population validity.

Professional Studies Essay

The explicate morality originates from the Grecian edge ethos. Ethos fashion customs, wonted(prenominal) usage, conduct, and character. The breeding of morality has light-emitting diode to establishing cite c atomic number 18 for teachings a great deal(prenominal) as, autonomy, kindness, nonmaleficence, justice, veracity, confidentiality, answer subjectness and fidelity. These diagnose regulations serve hold backs use up with honour adequate to(p) or wakeless quandarys. morality protagonist by identifying standards, prepargon a piece of musicnequin for honourable dilemmas and bear humane right(a)s, and honest values. estimable motive dish out to convey nurse intrust safe, alone similarly incite a compulsive matter for the patient. This endeavor explores and identifys efficacious and honourable issues, from a consequence study, that nurses atomic number 18 go roughly with every day.The enactment of morality for Nurses in Australia w as initiative create in 1993 under(a) the protective c all everywhereing of the Australian treat Council Inc. , regal College of breast feeding, Australia and the Australian Nursing Fede proportionalityn. In 2000 these poll organisations concord to admit a junction disgorge to freshen the enroll of morals.The rule of honourable motive is back up by the codification of maestro head for Nurses in Australia. spell the statute of Ethics focuses on the ethics and ideals of the profession, the formula of sea captain bestow identifies the marginal requirements for manage in the profession, and focuses on the clearing of captain bollocks and inexpert conduct. The dickens Codes, unneurotic with create institutionalise standards, permit a modelling for upkeep for.Individuals fork out the right to extend to decisions connect to their decl be wellness commission, ground on stainless and dispatch entropy attached by health mete out interpretrs . Nurses moldiness be satisfied that they harbor the case-by-cases assent for any care or pr severallying they are providing. If individuals are non able to provide concur for themselves, nurses turn all over a usage in ensuring that valid accede is sticked from the fascinate fireman decision- ingestr.Nurses wear a state to predicate mint about the nursing care that is unattached to them, and mint are entitle morally to study or reject much(prenominal)(prenominal) care. Nurses make a accountability to gaze the decisions make by each individual.his doctrine states that an honest workable action should appropriate passel to overtop over themselves and to be able to make decisions that obligate to their lives. This operator that plurality should wear moderate over their lives as much as thinkable because they are the precisely commonwealth who solely actualize their elect suit of livelinessstyle. separately man deserves heed because pr ovided he has had those take away liveliness experiences and understands his emotions, motivations and form in such an advise manner. In essence, this untroubled article of belief is an annexe of the honest commandment of benevolence because a soulfulness who is autarkical ordinarily prefers to sustain take for over his life experiences in set up to obtain the lifestyle that he enjoysThe tenet of beneficence guides the honorable scheme to do what is practised. This priority to do wakeless makes an honourable situation and accomplishable effect to an honorable dilemma acceptable. This rule is similarly related to the principle of utility, which states that we should essay render the largest ratio of honourable over crime possible in the manhood (2). This principle stipulates that ethical theories should gain to get to the great summate of good because sight well-being from the some good. This principle is chiefly associated with the utilitarian ethical possible action ensnare in the future(a) element of this paper. An grammatical case of doing good is shew in the coiffe of euphony in which the health of an individual is bettered by sermon from a medico (1,2).

A close reading of Beowulf Essay

The grand verse Beowulf contains bear on backions astir(predicate) the temerarious face of the wizard Beowulf. d poisonous sealed personations in Beowulf, unmatch competent at the number ace(a) of the text edition and whiz beside the mop up, nonch hu human creationnesss beingifest of inconsistencies inside Beowulfs character. We essential(prenominal)(prenominal) direct unity caput of the metrical compositions hotshot Is he in reality the booster he claims to be? current aspects of Beowulfs integrity, generally his stays close stacks perceptions of him, contradict the courtly classification of a scrapper.The caption of Beowulf begins with nance Hrothgar, who is in a predicament because Gr haltel, an evil monster, has been unremittingly as weather sheet Heorot for dozen years. Beowulf, a warrior and thane of the Geat big businessman Hygelac, hears of this and decides that he moldiness go to Heorot to military service Hrothgar, for he is the all peerless(prenominal)(prenominal) who apprize contact this big(p) travailHe inform his protrudeto span the asseverates pass and set ab place(a) out that world- swoter,that famed prince who mandatory throwers. nada hear to progress him from going,No older denied him, nigh(a) as he was to them. tribed of they inspected omens and spurredHis aspiration to go (200-209).This charge is adept of the start introductions to Beowulf as a character. The conviction prince who use up defenders portrays Beowulf as a statuesque warrior, sound consider at kinsfolk. He would controlk out that king, the king who required Beowulf the expectant warrior. Here, the poets playscript resource imp impositions that Beowulf is chargeless. Beowulf enjoys that he is the al cardinal mavin who ass divine service Hrothgar, the nonable prince who call for defenders. however Hrothgar had a nonher(prenominal) warriors who dish outed to defend Heorot from Gr endel, potent counselors, the spiritedest in the land, would confer advice, plotting how outgo the bold defenders capacity repulse and beat mangle choppy attacks (171-74). Here, it is evident that Beowulf has told a lie. It is non reliable that Hrothgar essential defenders. Although Hrothgar had defenders that whitethorn sacrifice been un displace in the executing of the monster, that does non refer that he necessitate defenders, or to a greater extent specifically, Beowulf himself.A divers(prenominal) var. of how the elders viewed Beowulf becomes likely afterwards his prideful obliterates of both Grendel and his fuss. Beowulf returns home to be greeted with this pitch from HygelacHow did you eff on your overseas voyage, upright Beowulf, when you abruptly stubbornto sail away crosswise the salinity weeweeand foment at Heorot? Did you abet Hrothgar some(prenominal) in the end? (1987-1991).App atomic number 18ntly, Hygelac did non fully maintain Beowulfs ambitions to return Heorot. It is open-and-shut Hygelac views Beowulfs lying-in as adolescent and strain of impulsive, which is do pull by his employ of the watchword abruptly. When Hygelac says did you alleviate Hrothgar practically in the end? he doubts Beowulfs king to tear Grendel. It is unambiguous that he did non designate he would see Beowulf animated once again. This tang is reinforce a some lines by and by when Hygelac says, I dreaded the subject of your sashay (1993-94).The choppy apprehension on Hygelacs lot creates a peachy melodic line to the origin introduction to Beowulf, where he is appargonntly the Geats straighten out warrior, who could not be trouncing he was the mightiest man on priming coat (197). This poses the interrogative mood ar we to cogitate allthing Beowulf has say so uttermost in recounting to his epical accomplishments? Does this contradiction sacrifice him a prevaricator? If he is a liar, does it decline the feats he has achieved, some(prenominal)(prenominal) as the hit of Grendel and Grendels mother? other nonp beil of Beowulfs strange lies loafer be gear up inwardly these passages. The low passage states that no elder denied him, man in the second passage the poets carriage of let the cat out of the baging, such(prenominal) as when Hygelac asks Beowulf if he helped Hrothgar practically in the end, regard that the Geats were less than stimulate roughly Beowulfs finality to go to Heorot. It is open that Hygelacs words ar prideful and that he is not intercommunicate Beowulf what happened at Heorot because he very wants to know if Heorot is saved. Hygelac is ask Beowulf in a plaguy manner because the elders did thus cross Beowulf in his drive to help Heorot. express of the authentic sen measurents toward Beowulf from his kin poop be seen when the poet writes he had been unwell regarded for a grand time, was interpreted by the Geats for les s than he was value and their master alike had never much honored him in the mead-hall(2183-2186). This meter explains that Beowulf was not held in such gamey see as he would check liked. His conclusion to go to Heorot is an attempt to call forth his value to his family and tidy sum because they steadfastly believed he lacked force, that the prince was a doormat (2187-88). Beowulf, who holds Hygelac in high regard, wants to bruise Grendel to function Hygelac proud.If Beowulf is a weakling, how is it that he was the sole(prenominal) angiotensin-converting enzyme able to fight and pour down the indestructible Grendel? Beowulf somehow knows that it is his part to defeat Grendel, which may be the neat apprehension for abruptly deciding to conk out to Heorot. For twelve years, no star in Heorot could assure Grendel. They act time and again to putting to finis him by apply every kind of coat of arms they could forge. How is it that a saucily arrived extrate rrestrial being defeat Grendel without any fit out or weapons? It must be because divinity fudge had helped the hero. This is likely in Beowulfs more references to idol Whichever one death fells must calculate it a exclusively ideal by divinity (440-41) and the Geat placed discharge consider in his efficacy of weapon system in the sea captains party favour (669-670).The Oxford face lexicon defines a hero as a man tremendous by iniquitous valorousness and military achievements one who does defy or awful works an historied warrior. Valor, venturousness and splendour are notcharacteristics unremarkably prime in slew who are liars. dread warriors do not make believe to lie to roam their worth, their actions speak for themselves. brook warriors do not lie because they are courageous and do not fear anything, oddly the truth. Because one cannot be cheery and dire piece withal being a liar, and because being brave and impressive are characteristics o f being a hero, it is pee that Beowulf cannot be called a hero.

Southwest Washington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Southwest Washington - Essay ExampleIt is true the dams are hydroelectric and are possessed and managed by the US Army Corps of Engineers. These quaternion major dams are of great importance in the area since they produce 3033 Megawatts power energy (Whitesell, 2004). More so, they provide navigation, recreation and aquatic conservation.Rivers include The snake in the grass River which flows through the Snake River valley. It is the largest tributary of Columbia River which empties into the Pacific Ocean runs from known for salmon and other aquatic animals. This river is well known for salmon and other aquatic animals. The natives relied on fish, especially salmon, for food and source of incomeThe southeastern Washington has fertile conjure upland where wheat is grown. The region also has strong, reliable perverts suitable for wind energy. The wind power development has boosted the economic potential in the region there is a tremendous increase in employment opportunities and othe r social, economic activities. However, the crop of crime has risen in the region. The effects of pollution are also felt in the ecosystem, that is to say there is a decrease in farm produce the number of salmon has also decreased. I agree that this region is a place to be because of its beautiful physical features and lucrative economic development. zippy (2009, October 4). Lower Monumental Lock and Dam Hydroelectric Energy.LowerMonumental Lock and Dam Hydroelectric Energy. Retrieved May 23, 2014,

Land law problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Land law problem - Essay ExampleAs this is pertinent to both the issue of Jennifers intended severance and the right of survivorship, it is important to ratify that junction tenancy existed.Joint tenancy, as noned in the preceding, hopes that each tenant has an identical interest in the whole of the property, as determined through the quatern unities of title, interest, possession and snip. Under common law, unity of interest is present despite the unequal financial contributions of both parties because conveyance was to both as beneficial joint tenants. Unity of title is similarly present as both Jennifer and Clarissa received their interest in Maple Leaf under the same conveyance. The same applies to unity of time since both received their share under the same conveyance in fee simple and their titles were vested at the same time. Further, unity of possession also holds as both parties are entitled to the possession of the whole of Maple Leaf and neither Jennifer nor Clarissa may exclude the other as a joint tenant.In only affirmation of the f doing that the joint tenancy exists, it is important to clarify that nothing in the case study indicates that the conveyance contains an explicit/express declaration of how Jennifer and Clarissa should hold equitable interests in Maple Leaf. Such declarations are absolute (Goodman v Gallant (1986) Fam 106) and conclusively rebut all presumptions to the contrary. As no such declaration is present, however, unmatchable can affirm that neither of the two husbands has a right to the property and that Jennifers statement, albeit written, does not constitute an act as severance as would convert a joint tenancy into a tenancy in common.First, as regards the question of severance, one may affirm that despite Jennifers very clear intent, severance was not concluded in this case. In accordance with Section 36(2) Law Property Act 1925, there are four legally recognized methods for severance. The first of these is the acti ons which any one of the joint beneficial tenants may take operating on his/her share. As per case law, any of the tenants is at liberty to dispose of his/her share in a way that would severe it from the joint tenancy. In Nielson v Fedden (1975), Justice Walton found that a unilateral declaration did not constitute such an act as it did not shatter any of the unities and, hence, did not sever the joint tenancy. Within the context of the stated, Jennifers statement does not constitute a severance in accordance with the first method.A second method for severance is by mutual agreement as in Burgess v Rawnsley (1975). A trine method involves the parties acting, for a sufficiently extended period, as if the property were a tenancy in common, as in Palmer v Rich (1897) but not Greenfield v Greenfield (1979). In the first, the parties acted as if the property in question was a tenancy in common for an extended period but in the second, the parties plain divided the property into two mai sonettes and the interests of both were not treated as a tenancy in common for a sufficiently extended period. As regards, Maple Leaf, neither of these two methods, whether severance by mutual agreement nor acting as if it were a tenancy in

Culture and ethical values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Culture and ethical codeal values - Essay Example78). Each individual gives up his own power to the supreme sovereign, the Leviathan, whose authority is indivisible and unchallengeable.The ethic of self-preservation is the basic tenet of Hobbes framework. Because men can non cooperate amongst themselves, the Leviathan is tasked with the protection of order, and its powers be unlimited. Such is the untrammeled power of the supreme sovereign whether angiotensin converting enzyme man or an group that it exercises the right of censorship over any and all expression and all property is subject to its laws. For Hobbes, rebellion is but war renewed (2005, p. 195) he understands that the Leviathan could very well become tyrannical, yet he maintains that even the worst form of despotism is preferable to the anarchy and chaos of the state of nature. Rebellion against government, thus, is explicitly wrong, non only because it is destined to fail, but also because it sets a poor example ( Russell, 2004, p. 506).The only reprieve that Hobbes provides for the citizens of his commonwealth is that of self-defense self-preservation being the highest goal of an individual, he reserves the right to defend his person. Any other means of resistance to government is culpable. Therefore, we can see that there is a very limited scope in Hobbes agenda to rebel against government essentially, Hobbes wants to show why we have to obey (Harrison, 2003, p. 191). Hobbes fascination with authority and the unbridled faith he reposes in the sovereign are products, however, of how he feels a just society and a commodious existence can be best preserved. Heinsists that the natural condition in the state of nature is one of liberty, equality, and the most extensive individual rights imaginable. He argues, however, that these free and equal people are in a condition of utter wretchedness and insecurity not in spite of their liberty and

Price Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Price - Essay ExamplePrice is also very import in grocerying. It is one of the four variables that argon con perspectivered when coming up with marketing strategy. In the marketing mix, charge is the utmost factor which ascertains how the trade good is accepted in the market and in which market discussion section that product will have to be sold. It is also used by business when they are developing the marketing plan for the products.In our ordinary livelihood we use the term price in order to refer to the amount or the quantity of payment that is made in order to acquire something. In this regard it is taken as a form of compensation that is given in throw for something. When not referring to the economical terms, price has the same meaning of the compensating for something that has been acquired. When a criminal is arrested and incarcerated, we normally say that one has paid the price of the crime. This implies that the criminal has been compensated for the crime that has b een committed. Therefore it is an exchange that is used to settle a debt.solely in the economic world, price is used to refer to the exchange ratio for goods or profits. It is the amount that is given in order to acquirer something which means it is an exchange reaction that is equal to what is being acquired. In this case we should not only be referring to the price in terms of the monetary exchange but it shadower also mean the observe that is equal to something. For example when use din barter trade it would be an exchange ratio that equates the product or service that are being exchanged. In this case if we take that we have two goods x and y, the price of trade good x will be the ration y/x and in the same manner the price of y will be the ration x/y. (Buiter, 1999)However this concept has not been used ceaselessly to refer to the price and there are old confusion that still compound the concept. In this case we can take that the value of a commodity of are services to be equated to the quantity countered using a common unit of values which may even have been establish on imagination. This is usually done in order to compare different goods and services. This is the unit value of something. But most of the time, we usually confuse the unit value of something with price based on the fact that market values is usually counted as the quantity of a commodity which is multiplied by the nominal price of the commodity. The theory of priceThe theory of price was constructed in order to show how the price of goods and services is arrived at in the market. The price theory asserts that the market price of a commodity is usually based on two opposing considerations. As we have said about if we base the market price on the unit value of the product, this may not be true because the unit value may be created on imaginations. Therefore the theory of price presents factors that prevail in the market and which help to determent the common stand in the market. In thi s case the buyer and the seller are the two people who are involved in the whole process. It is the willingness of the buyer to buy a product or a service and the willingness of the seller to dispose that product or service that will determine the price at which they will arrive in.Therefore setting of the market price is an interactive process that involves the buyer and the seller. Therefore on one side stands the demand factor while which is based on marginal utility of the product while on the other side

Midterm election in the House of Representatives Essay

Midterm election in the House of Representatives - Essay ExampleThere are two theories that explain the out come of mid(prenominal) term elections. The first peerless is the theory of bear and fall of a regime and the second is the action of the regime and the situation at the fourth dimension of the election. twain the theories provide different analyses but you can also use a combination of the two for analyzing the outcome this method is supposed to give better reasoning.Analyzing the entropy for mid term polls in the last hundred years, the ruling party seems to have always lost, except in 1934. After 1940 the loss apply to be 30 seats or more than 30 seats. In the midterm elections of 1946 the loss was as high as 46 seats.According to the rise and fall of a regime theory, the strong performance by the presidential party in previous elections may cause a downfall in the midterm election. But this is more statistically correct than logically applicable. Generally the statis tical details intimately the loss of the Presidents party in elections denote that the tip of the strong performance in the last election will decide the downfall in the present election.1 But the statistical details were the results obtained by applying statistical analysis to available data. Though all the mid term elections are similar to each other, each election will have its own significance. The solid factor changes from term to term. That significant factor will have an important place in analyzing the outcome of the midterm elections along with the standard issues. This year the fight on Iraq and the policy of the government regarding it is supposed to be a deciding factor in the elections. According to the rise and fall theory the strong performance by the presidential party in previous elections may cause a downfall in the midterm election. The strong performance of the presidents party depends upon the study provided by presidential candidate about his future activi ties in power. The strong performance indicates the trust of the people in his policies and words. It is clear that two years peak is not sufficient to deliver in all the fields. It can be difficult for the party in power to defend the delay. At the same beat it is easy for the opposition party to criticize and exploit the situation in the form of votes polled. The performance of George W. Bush in the last election can be termed as strong, because his party withstood an anti - incumbency wave and won a majority. Winning a second time shows greater expectations from the people and the party itself. It takes time to fulfill the promises made during the election campaigns and to materialize the wishes of the people. In the course of these things when the government has to face the midterm polls, generally the electorate compares the performance with the promises before electoral victory. The dissatisfaction due to the non - fulfillment of the promises results in mid term poll losses . A number of reasons for the dissent of the people towards the party in power can be cited. The uproar about the nominal boss of US intelligence Negro Pontes activities of pleasure, spying and making Iraqis write pro US articles by funding them, can be one of the number of activities which is capable of fixing the regime in trouble.1 The above-mentioned activities may not show direct affect on the people. When the electorate

Should certain types of products be banned from advertised through Essay

Should certain types of products be banned from advertised through magazines billboards, commercials posters - Essay Example advert employs some mental pressure by attracting feelings of insufficiency on the targeted consumers, sometimes causing harm. It is, therefore, the responsibility of any advertising agency to adhere to the rules and regulations that are stipulated to shield the consumer from spurious and unsafe information. Some adverts still do non comply with the aforementioned rules and regulations hence leading to advertisement bans on some products (Cohen, 2011). This essay will analyse certain products that need to be banned from unexclusive domain and give appropriate reasons why they should be banned. Discussion The first product that should be banned is tobacco products like cigarettes. Tobacco manufacturers have been competent to penetrate the market through a diverse media promotion campaigns including use of posters and billboards. Some of the countries have ba nned tobacco adverts, and it should be banned fully. The early twentieth century adverts were more pronounced using large posters and billboards. Some of the companies had created slogans for different types of cigarettes and also acquired full support from renowned people. Some of these adverts went to the extent of using doctors and children in their attempts to lure new customers. At this time, smoking was fashionable, and there were fewer reports on health effects (Johnson, 2006). Today, tobacco has many serious complications. Tobacco is responsible for lung malignant neoplastic disease and erectile dysfunction among its users, and approximately greater than half a million people die annually hence a lot of health cost to the tax payer. These tobacco bans will shield many children from the disastrous effects of advertising. A substantial young audience will also be salvaged from these adverts. Advertising to children is dangerous since their comprehension of personality and mone y is much undeveloped. They also know little on their desires and preferences and on utilization of their resources rationally to fulfill their needs. These adverts can, therefore, lead to false beliefs among them. To shield these immature children and youth, the advertisers should not deliberately deceive children and these adverts should be banned (Cohen, 2011). Secondly, slimming products should be banned from the public domain. Recently, the demand for these products has risen among the young teenageds, and the manufacturers have taken advantage of this scenario to deceive their customers (Srinivasan, 2009). Majority of these adverts gives the impression that sl stop overerness is equal to beauty. Some have gone to use Photoshop drawings to bring out these impressions. These adverts mainly appeal to the teen girls who labour with body appearance issues, recognition and self esteem. When these teens look at how faultless and immaculate women look in those magazines and billboar ds, this motivates them to be like the models not keen that it is just a marketing strategy employed by the manufactures in order to lure them to buy their products. This makes them make irrational decisions about these products which might end up being harmful to their health (Johnson, 2006). Thirdly, the category of products that should be banned is the fast and high fat content food. These foods if taken in small quantities do not pose any serious health challenge however, majority of people recently have become obese hence increasing their expertness to lifestyle diseases like cancer. Health experts link these problems to consumption of high

Nutrition to prevent weight loss in stroke patients Essay

Nutrition to prevent weight loss in stroke patients - Essay characterSome cases will allow for the simple determination of nutritional ingredients. Many others are not as easy to deal with. In this essay, an attempt to wassail corresponding solutions to meet nutritional require custodyts will be done given the most common scenarios of stroke patients facing the risk of losing weight. Aside from the simple case, the side by side(p) other situations will be considered (1) stroke patients with poor appetite due to a damaged ability to chew and swallow normally (2) poor audition and smell (3) emotional issues preventing normal nutrient in arrive at (4) the need for lifestyle change and (5) stroke patients with chronic conditions. The purpose of including all these is to provide a ca-ca set of guidelines for use when any of these situations are encountered. This essay is taken from the viewpoint of Nurses, Caregivers, and Nutritionists.A Case of Recovery from Stroke Without Complica tions Determine Nutritional Requirements.There should be a periodic attempt to determine the stroke patients energy requirements in order to achieve a desirable weight. Of course, this is aside from victorious BP before and after meals, and whenever there is a need to do so. Knowing the energy requirements will reveal how much calories are needed. Freda Myco (1983, p. 94) noted that the energy take of stroke patientsshould be assessed in relation to dust weight, body build, age, sex, health status, and physical activity levels. For those who are normal, energy requirements would be about 2000 kcals/24 hours for men and 1,800 kcals/24 hours for women.... Knowing the energy requirements will reveal how much calories are needed. Freda Myco (1983, p. 94) noted that the energy needs of stroke patientsshould be assessed in relation to body weight, body build, age, sex, health status, and physical activity levels. For those who are normal, energy requirements would be about 2000 kcals/2 4 hours for men and 1,800 kcals/24 hours for women. A stroke patient should take the right amount of calories to maintain weight. The consequence of too much calories will be weight gain, while lack of calories will turn the patient into a malnourished person with lack of energy to exercise. Since the topic of this paper is about nutrition to prevent weight loss of stroke patients, it should be worth mentioning that Freda Myco (1983, p.95) besides clarified that Malnutrition is not caused by simply taking too few calories, rather it is the result of a deficiency in the correct mixture of food constituents, vitamins, and minerals. Basic Rules For A Lean, Healthy Body What stroke patients will need is a good eating habit of the right diet containing adequate calories without the thrown-away(prenominal) cholesterol. At Body Art, Tanya Lee Sheehan recommends (2008, p. 11) that a person should eat just enough every 3 hours. And the recipe should be more lean protein, veggies, issue an d nuts. There is a reason for eating more often but with less quantity. It gives time for food to be digested first before a new set will need digestion. But her ideas are for people who can still exercise and burn the food they eat through exercises. In the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) of the UN, along with Ann Burgess, Peter Glasauer (2004, p.83), there is a guideline about How to help sick

How would you characterise Martin Luther Kings strategy for gaining Essay

How would you characterise Martin Luther Kings strategy for gaining civil rights In what ways did it differ from the approach espoused by Malcolm X or Stokely - Essay ExampleBeing raised Christian gave King a moral and forgiving outlook on life, that later showed in his approach to civil rights. Garrow explains King statedWe must reenforcement God in the forefront. Let us be Christian in all of our action. The protesters must not hate their neat opponents, but be head by Christian love while seeking judge with their demands. Love is one of the pinnacle parts of the Christian faith. There is another side called justice. And justice is really love in calculation. (24)Baptist believed that Jesus did for every mans sin. All that man has to do is ask for forgiveness, inviting Jesus into to his heart. Once Jesus blood covered a sinner, the sinner became perfect in Christ. If someone is perfect, no matter the color, they are equal. King felt that every sinner could be forgiven, even Ku Klux Klan members or white supremacists. This led him to be forgiving of the white oppressors.Forgiveness in the Christian religion did not mean acceptance for the Jim Crow laws in place at the time of Kings birth. Jim Crow laws did not abide by national laws. King felt civil disobedience to local laws is civil obedience to national laws (Garrow, 92). Although the northwards won the American Civil War, the South won the battle of Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow laws were laws created to keep white and black dismantled (Cook, 10). An example would be separate bathrooms, water facets, eating facilities, and even separate places on public transportation. King felt that Jim Crow laws were illegal. Technically he was right. The North won the war, which made federal laws superior to state laws. However, the Southerners did not acknowledge this fact. The reality was the North did not want to deal with civil rights after the American Civil War until activists alike King started pressing the is sue. King realized that, that our refusal to accept jim crow in specific areas challenges the entire social, political and economic order that

Cybersecurity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cyber protective covering - Coursework ExampleThe paper throws light on cyberspace, a mine field for seekers of information. With every fundamental interaction with websites, there would be an increasing demand for personal information. Such have been used by malicious persons for their own gains. Air travel has been hard produce by cyber crime and cyber-security in airports has been a challenge with each passing day. The internet has been used for various purposes which include gathering, storage, processing and transfer of vast information amounts, which include sensitive and proprietary personal, transactional and business data. Organizations have heavily depended on computing device brasss for day-to-day businesses. Even as this capability has been relied more and more by various individuals and organizations, the internet has been plagued by threats of cyber-security. The information available in the internet has been used to create threats to operations of businesses and in dividuals. These threats evolve with the expansion of the internet and the risks that come with it occur to grow globally. The United States of America remain to be the hardest hit by cybercrime according to the report on internet crime by Bureau of justice Assistance. There is a wide range of cyber attacks. Insider threats form the core perpetrators in computer crimes. According to Vatis, insiders do not need a great care of knowledge about computer intrusions as they posses adequate knowledge on the systems which they attack which allows them to have unrestricted access to damage the system or to slip ones mind system data. ... ge about computer intrusions as they posses adequate knowledge on the systems which they attack which allows them to have unrestricted access to damage the system or to steal system data (2002, p.3). Criminal groups have also increasingly used cyber intrusions for monetary gains. Vatis gives an example of such a group referred to as Phonemasters who wer e indicted for stealing and accessing federal interest computer and being in possession of access devices for which they were unlicenced. Virus writers also pose a great threat to security in IT. Viruses propagate quickly because of the high speed profits currently available. Anti-virus software available and being careful with attachments would go a long way in curtailing such epidemics. Other cyber attacks emanate from terrorists, hackers and information warfare. Vatis defines cyber attacks as computer-to-computer attacks carried out to steal, erase, or alter information or to destroy or impede the functionality of the target computer system (2002, p.10). These could be categorized into three, namely unauthorized intrusions where the attacker uses hacking techniques to break into a computer or unauthorized access by an insider to accomplish unauthorized tasks in the network destructive worms or viruses spread through computers using forms of data exchange such as emails causing some parts of the network to lose functionality and denial of service attacks where a computer would be overloaded with communication thus hampering its functionality. Due to the ever increasing critical business partners affiliated to customers and partners on the internet, many organizations have been left exposed to cyber attacks. There is no guarantee that malicious acts or intrusions would not happen. But aviation

Social Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social Entrepreneurship - Essay Examplees mainly address the social needs in the society through offering products and function that aim at meeting the cultural, social and environmental needs in the society (Paton, 2003 p. 89). The bank commenced operations in 1984 providing mete out union banking services go observing the founding principles. The trade unions offered provided equity capital of 1.25 million pounds while the Co-operative Bank added 2.6 million pounds to the start up capital. In the first year, the bank operated as a licensed deposit taking institution providing its clients a range of banking services. In the first year, the balance sheet figures in terms of assets grew to over 40 million pounds with the deposits reaching 35 million pounds. The Bank offered a rights issue in 1986 thus enabling more trade unions to buy shares. Fifty-eight trade unions were now members of the bank. After the passage of Public services (social value) Act 2012, Birmingham has experienc ed the emergence of many social enterprises. The Act enables the stakeholders to become members of the social enterprises and introduces several tools for the appellation of the social impact (Price, 2009 P. 52). The major responsibilities of social enterprises include encouraging community involvement, encouraging of equal opportunities and supporting a green economy. Social enterprises should also countenance sustainability initiatives like recycling and encourage fair trading practices (Doherty & Thompson, 2006 p.40).Social enterprise based organisations have innovative and people-friendly solutions that aim at creating positive change in the society unlike the traditional corporate world that is geared at profit maximisation (Nicholls, 2006 p.18). Most social enterprise based organisations work with sorry communities and provides the staff with flexible working schedules. According to the UK department of Trade and Industry (DTI), socially based enterprises have primary social objectives whereby the surplus is reinvested

Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Education - Research Paper ExampleTwenty-one questions answered on a scale apply as the measurement musical instrument to measure job satisfaction. In addition, factor analysis in the nature of varimax rotation facilitates the grouping of the survey questions on six major factors. These are probability for autonomy and growth, quality of supervision, calling advancement opportunities, pay benefits, physical and job stress and job security. Questions used in the National Health and Retirement succeed serve to find out in this survey of intentions to quit or leave current positions. A panel of experts reviews the survey to gauge content, format, readability and usability. Finally, a test on the project involving nurses from different environments occurs.Data collection is takes place through a descriptive questionnaire of twenty one questions measured on a scale out of seven. The overall response rate is one thousand, louver hundred and seventy four respondents.There is the use of descriptive statistics to compares BS and AD educates Registered Nurses. Variables measured include job satisfaction and duration of career. All the nursing variables finally get comparison by application of age cohorts.91.5% of the one thousand, five hundred and seventy four respondents are works nurses and complete the remaining survey questions (McIntosh et al., 2005). There is exclusion of some nurses from the survey leaving a arrive of one thousand and thirty nine nurses whose responses contribute to the findings. Four hundred and ninety three nurses list AD as their highest level of education. On the early(a) hand, five hundred and forty six list BS as their highest education level. AD and BS nurses work in different environments with BS nurses working in hospitals while AD nurses work in private care. BS educated nurses cite more job satisfaction in terms of career growth and longevity.BS nurses

Recruitment Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Recruitment Process - show ExampleThe USA Staffing recruiting arranging has been designed by the federal government to cater for the special and unique requirements as determined by the federal recruitment and staffing. The application process is make online and the applicants can use USAJOBS and the DEA Career Gateway by USA Staffing recruiting system (DEA, 2015). The advantage of the application process is that it is convinient and the applicants can contact the application manager in the event that they have encountered some problems.On the other hand, the applicationprocess to Join Los Angeles Police force begins by downloading an application form which needs to be completed by the applicant. This process is comprised of seven steps. According to Los angeles Police Force website, the first step in the application process involves Preliminary Background Application (PBA) and Job trailer Questionnaire (JPQ) which is completed online. This aims to help the applicant identify iss ues that help them better understand the force and check if they have the potential to qualify. The second step is The Personal Qualifications Essay (PQE) which is comprised of essay questions related to judgment and decision making and behavioral flexibility and the applicants communication skills are also evaluated. The third step involves context investigation and poligraphy examination. This is meant to obtain the applicants background information and family members may also be interviewed to obtain this information.The fourth step involves Physical Abilities Test to total strength as well as capability in terms of performance. The fifth stage involves interviews where the panelists seek to assess your personal accomplishments, motivation communication skills as well as interpersonal skills to see if you are capable of doing the job. The sixth step involves medical and

Life, work and influence of Lord Norman Forster Essay

Life, work and influence of Lord Norman Forster - Essay Exampleazakhstan, Hearst Tower in impudently York, National Police Memorial in London, Tanaka Business School in London, London City Hall, Dumas Headquarters, Swiss Re London, and won Sterling Prize twice. all over the years, his style has been evolved into a personification of perfection and he untiringly tries to innovate and improve his patterns.Fosters earlier designs reflected a sophisticated, machine-influenced high-tech vision. His style has since evolved into a more sublime, sharp-edged modernity http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Foster%2C_Baron_Foster_of_Thames_BankHe was knighted in 1990 and was awarded Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1999. This prize is considered to be the Nobel of subject. He remains a kind of superstar architect, also called the Lord Wobbly of the British tabloids. He is regarded to be one of the best architects in the world today, with immense contribution to the field. His designs are occupyin g exalted places and Lord Foster is considered to be one of the depicted object assets.This enterprising and visionary architect had been in news all along. He has received life tribute from House of Lords. Also has received hundreds of other awards including the RIBA atomic number 79 medal. Foster and Partners was established in 1967, and his college mate, Richard Rogers joined him. This pair has created perhaps some of the greatest architectures in the world. Norman, along with architectural designs and execution, also designs building accessories like handles and furniture. steady though born into an ordinary working class family without any prop-ups, Lord Norman created a legendary success story for himself and his company, with his determination and talent.His Pritzker citation says His design objectives are guided not only toward the overall beauty and function of a project, but for the well-being of those people who will be the end-users. This social place to his work tra nslates as making every effort to transform and improve the quality of life. In

Racial Harmony throughout Hawaii Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Racial symmetry throughout how-do-you-do - Essay ExampleHarmony on other hand represents happiness or agreement and so it is important to note that the happiness of the USA is Hawaii. Having put that across, it is pertinent to heed that Hawaii has a role in representing Harmony in USA history and media, since USA means several states of America under the same rule and in all of the states are governed by capital of New Hampshire. It is vital to note that the republic of North American represents fifty different states. Therefore, when the joined States is discussed, the foremost thing to think of is the term concurrence (Winters 23). The above is true because despite of the country being a comprise of several states, they live in peace and agreement. The above is single possible because of the paying attention the Americans have to the rule of the state, the culture, and laws followed by the definition of the American history. With the above point in mind, it is noted that harm ony is a pertinent requirement to the states of America. It is interesting to carry out that Hawaii specifically represents harmony in itself among the states of America. In other words, Hawii is a model of harmony that aspire the rest of Americans. It follows that Hawaii is a link or rather a channel that enforces harmony to the states of America (Lee 14). The above is true according to the common sense that, for any given individuals of different caliber to lie together then it needs harmony. It applies to the state of Hawaii, with the relationship it has with the rest of the states of America. According to the experts, several reasons have been drawn to represent the harmonic symbol of Hawaii to the Americans. here the first reason that makes Hawaii to have the harmonic symbol in the United States is that as fiftieth state, Hawaii joined the union on marvellous 21 in the year 1956. It is also important to acknowledge the fact that USA respects the laws, culture and lands of t he Hawaiians (Haas12). Further to the above, the whole country (united state) does not only agree but also accepts the Hawaii as one of the state member. The above evident the fact that though it is the last to be assimilated into the states of America, it has to some goal participated to the contribution of the harmonic environment to the American state. By harboring harmony and promoting peace to the whole nation. The idea that acknowledges Hawaii as a harmonic symbol of the United State is that Hawaii has a Pearl Harbor. Here, it is notable that the US Navy guards are situated in the Pearl Harbor of the Hawaii and they act as the state protectors (Liu 42). Fortunately, the guard does not protect only the states or Hawaii but the entire world, where they enforce peace and unity. Therefore, with the US Navy guard at the coast, they facilitate harmony in not only the Hawaii but also the entire world. The above is true since the guards maintain law and order and in so doing, they f acilitate peace in the American country and the entire world. With its origin at the coast of Hawaii, it is enough reason to note that Hawaii is harmony motivator in the states of America. If that is not enough, the reason of tourism development to some extent acts as a symbol of Harmony. Here, tourism develops in Hawaii makes the whole of US people to think that Hawaii is a harmonic figure in the history of the US (winters, 57). It is evident that a tourist sector is endlessly peaceful to attract the tourist. That is way the tourist development in Hawaii gives it advantage of being a Harmonic

Juice Bar and Boost Juice Essay Example for Free

Juice Bar and Boost Juice Essay

United States Economic and Foreign Policies Towards Latin America Essay Example for Free

unite States sparingal and Foreign Policies Towards Latin the States Essay unify States and Latin America ask each other by the virtue of sharing common boundary hence the importance of the scotchalal policies which favor these countries for plebeian benefit. Latin America is angiotensin converting enzyme of the join State export market, for example in 1992 export exceeded $ 100 billion to this region . According to fryer 1993, Latin American economic fellowship with United States resulted to negative effect. Latin America eternal debts in 1992 was approximately $330 billion United States lending institution getting the largest amount of monthly service of this debt about 2 percent . This resulted to Latin American contributing to deficit in the United State budget hence the importance of better economic and foreign policy for mutual benefit . Latin America due to it geographical position to United States is inextricably dependent on the United States parsimony and o n the other hand United States economy benefit a lot from trade. After accusation of neglect of Latin America, United States authorities find changed tune time of cold war perception that Latin America was a threat to an master(prenominal) economic partner .United States and Latin America countenance been having historical imbalances economically and in foreign policies. Overtime, policies to change this trend require been put in place due to realization that these countries are important to United States equally like northern partners (Vasquez). This means, policies favoring healthy relationship designed by United States would help in ensuring these countries enjoy mutual benefit. To Latin American, Economic and foreign policies are important since they are dependent of the United States economy.If the economic well being of United States is affected for example by recession this duplicates to their economies. descent of nigh government from south and United States economic p olicies has been unhealthy characterized by opposition to several(a) policies. In the history, Latin countries foreign policies convey been designed in opposition to the United States policies . This is due to United States authorities trying to interfere and meddling with the internal affair of these countries.A good example to this is the influence which Russia was suitable to influence most of the Latin Government to adopt communism policies against United States capitalism policies. According to Rabe 1988, Latin Americans in history have bitter to various United States policies mostly economic and foreign. A good example to this argument is the episode which transpired to Vice President Nixon being stoned in May 1958 in his tour to South America in attempt to smug confidence on foreign and economic policies .This was under bakshishership of Eisenhower and his foreign and economic policies of anti-communism. In 50s and 60s, Southern economy was growing in a sluggish manner s ince price of produce from these countries continued to decay yet United State trade 70 percent of their produce . United States showed no interest in stabilizing prices making Latin American countries to suffer economically. This made the socialism political theory to take centre stage in the policies of most of Latin American country protesting against U. S economic and foreign policies.This resulted to counter policies by United States against the communism and economic sanction which harmed economic status of southern countries. This trend continued to the cold war period until fall of Soviet Union and it communism policies. on-line(prenominal) foreign and economic policies toward Latin America have been designed to amend bitter past relationship and forge for healthy foreign and economic policies for mutual benefit. There has been a study progress since the collapse of the Berlin wall in 1989, hence falls of Soviet union resulting to change of various administrative policie s in South America.From 1990, Latin America has experienced major changes which include giving way to democratic governance, adoption of free market economy model, regulating on protectionism policies, giving way to privatization and adjusting on their trade regime. This gave way to future relationship of United States which was initially forged by former President George Bush, under enterprisingness for the Americas Initiative umbrella. This was marking end to U. S. cold war policies which were obstacle to social, political and economic progress in Latin America countries .United States foreign policies utilize to ordinal demesne countries since cold war period are confrontation or mesh. Allies of U. S. have been subjected to engagement policy which meant that, they would get economic and force support. On the other hand, they were expected to adopt an environment favorable to United States policies . On the Latin America, United State has been persuading Latin American count ries toward the policy of engagement without a major success hence subjecting these countries to U. S foreign policy of confrontation. Policy of confrontation was employed to countries against U.S policies of capitalism and interests. United States use it economic, armament as well as political mighty to convert countries to support their interests during cold war period. This policy was employed to Latin America although in most instances it failed . Turn around of the U. S relationship with Latin America has resulted to Latin countries embracing American economic policies. For example Mexico has been in fore front of Latin America region in ditching inefficient protectionism polices, adopting privatization, debt reduction and foreign investment all which are under United States economic policies for south.United States economic policies have shown major effect in Mexico with North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) helping this country to economic reformation. Mexico approval by NAFT is a major test for post cold war relationship among Latin American countries and success of failure having a direct impact to rest of the Southerners . United States economic policies on free trade advised to be employed in Latin America and in operation in Mexico does not automatic translates to a well-distributed economic growth overnight.Also, it does not convert ailing economies as it is purported to be. Latin American economy is comprised of very little wealthy class of people consisting of govern elite. Their middle categories of people consist of very few individuals with the majority of the population living in poverty like any other third world countries . United States trying to duplicating its economic policies to Latin America may be misplaced due to the fact that if wealth distribution structure is different from that of third world countries.This gets us to quagmire of whether the economic policies advanced by Unites States to Latin America can reduce curren t economic injustice . Some scholars have for argued that the policy of laissez faire capitalism results to wide gap between poor and rich in the community, questioning rationality of employing it in Latin America . There is a contradiction of capitalism and socialist theory not able to give the right answer to the eradication of poverty in the third world countries economies. fabianism tried to employed idea of supporting every one towards equality by ignored the homo fundamental drive i.e. incentive system which have been key to economic growth under capitalism economic policies . On the other hand, capitalism policies and liberalization of the economy which a key economic policies advanced by U. S. to Latin America may fail. For example opening up market by Australian Authority resulted to loss of employment and fall of exertion sector resulting to increased imports against export. This gets to the question whether this may duplicate to the economies of Latin America countries since case of western capitalism contains it own contradiction.Various studies indicate that unregulated markets lead to economic exploitation and injustice which may be experience in Latin American after adopting U. S. economic policies. If the economic policies advanced by United States to Latin America fail, bitter rivalry which has been in existence before the cold war might escalate again and blame game of United States sabotaging Latin America economy may be renewed . To ensure United States economic and foreign policies succeed on Latin America, policies geared toward bridging the economic diversity within this region are important.This is because some countries have adopted the United States economic policies while others are about or implementing them. For example Mexico and chilly economic policy implementation has lead to economic growth . On the other hand countries like Argentina are not yet stable economically stable. Argentina recorded economic deterioration in 200 0 and 2001. For Latin America to benefit from United States economic and foreign policies there should be a defined categorization according to economic differences since needs may be different .Economic policies to nurture growth of private sector and improve productivity are of great importance. These policies lead to enhanced economic growth, a right answer to poverty eradication in Southern hemisphere. United state economic and foreign policies should put emphasis on productivity through partnering with institution like Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and other financial partners . This will be repugnant with President Bush policies i. e. investing in people, ruling justly and opening doors for economic freedom.Meaning that a major emphasis on development of human capital through improving education system and employment of new technologies for high productivity. Ruling justly help attaining of increased productivity as decomposition and protection of contracts may attr act private investment which is key to increased productivity. Therefore, United States economic policies should focus on the area of productivity and apply it categorically according to economic needs of different Latin American countries. Bibliography Feldstein, Martin S. (1988) The United States in the World EconomyNational Bureau of Economic Research. ISBN 0226240789, 9780226240787 University of Chicago Press. Fryer Wesley A. (1993) Defining and Refocusing US Policy Toward Latin America. Retrieved on 17th November 2008 from http//www. wesfryer. com/uslapolicy. html. Garcia, Enrique 2005 Magazine term The Quest for Development in Latin America Rabe Stephen G. (1988) Eisenhower and Latin America The Foreign Policy of Anticommunism. ISBN 0807842044, 9780807842041 UNC Press Krueger, Anne O. 1993 Economic Policies at Cross-purposes The United States and Developing Countries.ISBN 0815750536, 978081575053 6Brookings Institution Press Mishkin Frederic S. and Savastano Miguel A. 2002 Mo netary Policy Strategies for Emerging Market Countries Lessons from Latin America Journal article Comparative Economic Studies Paulo Sotero (2005) Democracy in Latin America Alive but Not Well Magazine article Foreign Policy Taylor John B. 2002 United States Economic Policy Toward Latin America and the Role of the International Financial Institutions. Retrieve on 17th November 2008 from http//www. stanford. edu/johntayl/taylorspeeches/United%20States%20Ec

Prius automatically switches Essay Example for Free

Prius automatically switches EssayThere argon many reasons why state want a subversive car. Some enthusiasts enthuse about scientific and technological advances and want the latest gizmos. Others rebel against fuel expenditure increases, even though fuel is cheaper than it has been for decades. Finally, people are concerned about the environment. Hoping that all the above was true and looking to grab a technological advantage over other car manufacturers in 2000 Toyota introduced Prius, their first cross car. Prius means to go before, so is a name that may be very prophetic. The Prius and the Honda Insight are the first in a wave of hybrid family cars coming out ahead of similar vehicles from GM, Ford and Daimler Chrysler. At first glance, the Prius seems to have a lot going for it. It combines a 1. 5 litre, four cylinder petrol engine and a 33-kilowatt electric motor. It comfortably seats five, if the three in the abide arent too statuesque or too big and has 0,34 cubic m eters of luggage space. The electric motor starts the car and operates at low speeds, using a nickel note metal-hydride battery. Under average motorway conditions, it should germinate 28 km per liter.The downside is that the Prius is no muscle car. It withal costs about 4,000 euros more than the Toyota Echo, although they are nearly the same car. Of course, getting in dickens ways as many kilometers per liter of petrol will help to offset the price differential. Assuming the range and a typical 2002 price of one euro per liter, the Prius owner would have to buy 4,000 liters of petrol, enough fuel for 112,000 km, which could take long time. Of course, if prices were to rise drastically, that could change. But even if prices doubled-which is not likely-youd have to drive more than 50,000 km to control up the initial price difference.The picture gets even gloomier when you realize that no one is going to get the estimated fuel consumption anyway. The Environmental Protection ex ecution (EPA) has admitted that its testing procedure overstates petrol mileage by as much as 15 per cent. It tests cars on a chassis dynamometer, where the driven wheels turn freely on a set of rotating drums-far from normal driving conditions. In addition, hybrids use regenerative braking to recharge their batteries, with the result that braking during the EPA driving cycle is feeding more energy back into the system, boosting estimated petrol mileage.Although this offers a fuel saving, the boilersuit cost of ownership looks less attractive. Compared with the family Car of the Year 2004, the conventionally supplyed Toyota Avensis 1. 8 T3-S, the Prius looks poor value. Although the Prius saves on fuel, its overall running cost comes out higher than that of the equivalent Avensis. The reason is its 25 per cent higher service or contract hire cost. On the brighter side, Toyota and its competitors gestate that costs will decrease once production of hybrids begins to yield economies of scale. The benefits of scale would not stop with the producer.For example, a major part of the cost of the car is the nickel metal-hydride batteries. A company such as Panasonic could reduce the cost of producing batteries through research and development, it the market merited such an investment and could further reduce the price of batteries through its own economies of scale. However, realizing that cost reductions are a way off that fuel savings arent going to be the key to convincing people to purchase the Prius, car manufacturers have asked for tax incentives to stimulate purchase of clean-fuel and high-mileage cars. Several regimes are providing incentives to people to buy hybrid cars.The US government offers $ 2,000 federal income-reduction and the UK government offers reduced car tax on initial purchase. Electric car drivers can also avoid Londons GBP 5 per day over-crowding Charge. Are consumers ready for hybrids? Do improved gas mileage and emissions standards affect their buying decision? A glance at car sales in the last 10 years would suggest not. The biggest sales growth was in gas-guzzling 4 x 4s. After all, we rarely saw Range Rovers 10 years ago, now theyre a fairly common sight. People, it seems, think its a good idea for their neighbors to drive green machines, not themselves.Actually, when the Prius was introduced, it flew out of corpuss showrooms. Between July and October 2000, Toyota sold 2,610 Priuses and had difficulty keeping up with demand. By the end of October 2000, the cars were waitlisted until January. Of course, much of that sales success is attribut commensurate to Toyotas clever trade. two years before introduction, Toyota began educating consumers about the Prius. The company established a website to distribute information and also sent e-brochures to 40,000 likely buyers just before the introduction. Within two weeks. Toyota sold 1,800 cars based on the email message.In all, Toyota spent 15 million in 2002 promoting the Prius. There were print ads in magazines, but the bulk of the hunting expedition was in television advertising. Ads running before the actual introduction used the tag line A car that whatsoevertimes runs on gas power and sometimes runs on electric power, from a company that always runs on brain power. These ads helped to position Toyota as an environmentally concerned company and more subtly stressed the engine room aspect of the car. After introduction, the ads appealed more to emotion, with tag lines such as When it sees red, it charges a reference to the cars recharging at traffic lights.The newspaper headline captured the consumers attention through ambiguity. Only through focusing on the ad could the consumer learn why the headline was accurate. Again, the appeal is based on the technology of the car. Finally, Toyota took advantage of Earth Day to send out green seed cards shaped like Toyotas logo to prospective buyers, wrapped some Priuses in green, and gave away car s at Earth Day events. Of course, 15 million is just a drop in the ocean compared to Toyotas overall marketing budget of 200 million in 2002, but Toyota was satisfied with the effectiveness of the campaign, given the newness of the car and the motivating to explain its technology.Much of this success can also be attributed to the narrow targeting of the ads. The company expected the first hybrid car buyers to be techies and early adopters (people who are highly likely to buy something new). They were right. Many Prius owners are immersed in thee technology. They flood chat rooms with discussion of the car. The Priusenvy. com website urges owners to Kick some gas. Owners immediately began tinkering with the cars calculator system. One owner was able to add cruise control (an option not offered by Toyota) by wiring in a few switches in the cars computer system.The founder of priusenvy. com worked out how to use the cars dashboard display screen to show files from his laptop, play v ideo games, and took at rear-view images from a video television camera pointed out of the back of the car. One Austrian consumer installed a sniffer a device on the cars computer network that monitors messages. With the sniffer, he will be able to hook up add- ons such as a MiniDisc Player, an MP3 player, a laptop computer and a TV tuner. In the past, owners using mechanical skills customized cars with paint, take down bodies, and souped up engines.In the future, customization may rely on being computer savvy. Even though the Internet was a major part of the Prius launch, Toyota does not allot the car from its website. Buyers go to prius. toyota. com online to pick a color and decide whether they want a CD player and floor mats- the only options available from Toyota. After that, the dealers get involved, but it takes specially trained salespeople to explain and promote the Prius. Consequently, only 75 per cent of Toyota dealers handle the car. Many of them are not happy about the need to train salespeople. And why should they be?Margins are higher on gas-guzzlers, which are also easier to sell. Given dealer reluctance and consumer resistance, why have Toyota and Honda spent so much on their hybrids? While part of the answer is government regulations, a bigger part of the answer is competition. All car manufacturers concede that they will finally have to move to hybrids to raise petrol mileage and lower emissions, and all of them have plans to do so. Ford, for example, plans to introduce an Escape SUV that will get 17 km/litre. Daimler Chrysler says that 15 per cent of its sport-utility vehicles will be hybrids that will get 20 per cent better fuel efficiency than conventional vehicles.General Motors is betting on hybrid buses and trucks. Toyota hopes, however, that its early entry will be the basis for a system of hybrids from ultra compact minicars to luxury saloons, sport-utility vehicles, and even commercial trucks,. The mass market, however, value space, comfort, and power. Although hybrids may have space and comfort, power would appear to be elusive. Without greater power, it will be interesting to see whether consumers, who like speed on those hand autobahns and acceleration on alpine roads, will settle for a hybrid.Questions 1. Outline the major macroenvironmental factors-demographic, economic, natural, technological, political and cultural-that have affected the introduction and sales of the Toyota Prius. How has Toyota dealt with each of these factors? 2. adjudicate Toyotas marketing strategy so far. What has Toyota done well? How might it improve its strategy? 3. In your opinion, what are the advantages of Toyotas early entry into the hybrid market? What are the disadvantages? Should Toyota have waited- like Ford, GM and Daimler Chrysler? 4. What needs and reasons would drive someone to purchase a green car?

Quality Services Improvement

fictional character Services meliorationThe Quality of Services in Emirates Airlines The Challenges of Continuous ImprovementSummary This study examines character reference of run at Emirates Airlines and reflects on the bear ond market orientation. The study also examines challenges and avenues for continuous advance. These inter-connected objectives shape three seek questions that atomic number 18 address based on customer responses to a structured instrument. This instrument has its origins em acknowledgeded in the wealth of developments in methodological aspects to do with helper flavor assessment. The k directlyledge- first moment gap and the gap with respect to expediency concedey are reviewed across a multitude of research studies that are pegged approximately the substitution abstract brag of SERVQUAL. This concept is discussed in detail including instances of its use in examining the air lane application. A structured close destructioned questionnaire i nforms this study that uses information generated from 250 respondents. The study is limited in methodological rigor due to use of descriptive statistics alone but at the same sequence provides a rich narrative using the data that is often not possible un slight results are very strongly skewed in the representative on inferential statistics. The leave out of robustness has heightenn due to data gaps which the study acknowledges.Findings suggest that staff culture on understanding the scope of usefulness tint, and continuing with modernization and infrastructure upgrade- should be on top of the order of tune at Emirates. The results also show that personalized attention provided to customers is a get word selling point in why customers choose Emirates, but that there is lack of understanding related to proper customer relations trouble. Some conflicting results also tend to suggest that the dichotomy amongst customer expectations and scholarships is influenced by the congenator offerings competitor air ducts make. There is also a hint that short term resource impetuses the like frequent flyer schemes do not do oft to improve service quality perceptions. It is the long term embedded development of staff capabilities and understanding about the holistic reputation of service quality that whitethorn prove to be the competency for sustained private-enterprise(a) advant get on. The study posits a need for further research in developing compar able-bodied service quality metrics across international airlines that are available only in the US at present (AQR), and also a need for comparative typeface studies in the industry to inform globalization intentions.Chapter 1 Introduction1.1. Background Emirates airlines is one of the largest and probably the most consistently profitable airlines of recent times. Since its inception in 1985 it has grown astronomically and in the terminal couple of years it has embarked upon a fleet upgrade and expansi on that dwarfs early(a) major airlines. It sailed by dint of the 9/11 related downturn in aviation business, and the disturbance in the gulf to become an airlines whose success formula mystifies vigilance wisdom. Off the cuff solutions to issues and problems as they arise seems to have worked exceedingly well for the airline. The airline cl bets to have an gougedid culture and an open agenda where the need of privacy does not subsume the need to fork up from individual competencies under what can be termed a fluid strategy process (Sull et al, 2006). The focus on fine issues and macro aspects alike are divided up across all management levels comprising a multi-cultural workforce like no other airline.The confederacy is used to making leaps whether it is by using the recognition from airline of the year award in 1994 to establish itself among the giants, to the massive fleet expansion in 2004-2005- to become the envy of even the giants. Surviving the 9/11 slump clearly points to the merits in Emirates approach. The key issue seems in operating as a family, where when other airlines were downsizing and cutting staff, Emirates kept status quo on these fronts and communicated a feeling of belonging in its staff. This was the crucial lever that kept Emirates going- and in fact even prosper in times that were so trying for the industry. As Carlzon (1989) notes in his aft cited work Moments of Truth this is flattening of structure in the true sense so that messages get across quickly and effectively makes for a coercive organisation that serves customers better and unleashes the energy in employees. However, putting both these together to fine tune the market orientation through service quality is a challenge especially in times of growth and lavishly momentum in external factors affecting the industry.Other beliefs at Emirates like rough the prosperity of Dubai that it keeps as the nerve centre of its network, and keeping a rather conservative outlook towards alliancing with other airlines are not conventional. These shape a flexible nub around which other attitudinal and behavioral aspects of the business model emerge. This emergence has often been punctuated with imposed or deliberated change this study takes place at a time of deliberated change that of rapid expansion of Emirates airlines across the globe (Leckic, 2007).The openness also transcends into the beliefs the airline has. The airline now seeks to grow more aggressively and reduce unfastened centering on Dubai. Creating a global brand based on current success is on the agenda. The airline realizes that reputations in a service industry are leveraged around service quality. In this light as it stretches out to routing across the globe and hiring more staff and acquiring physical infrastructure, that service quality does not get compromised remains a concern close to heart (Sull et al, 2006 Byles, 2007, Leckic, 2007 Sending 2008).1.2. Motivation The international a irline industry has seen a struggle to deliver profitability along facial expression truly satisfying the flying public (Van Pham and Simpson, 2000). The alliancing arrangements, route mapping and offering packaged services through such alliances have tried and true to affect industry exemplifications of service quality- which may not be the true reflection of customer expectations. The perception of customers about what is central to service quality vis--vis the present of affairs in crucial for informing service quality initiatives and the market orientation of a firm. Needless to say given the dynamic nature of offerings that live across industries including the airline industry, such expectation-perception balances are continuously shifting, and are even more fast moving for an airline that is growing rapidly and encountering new customers around the globe. The challenge also thus extends to one of continuous improvement (Emirates, 2005-2007).Given the success of Emirates an d its unprecedented growth and plans for growth, it is clear that customer perceptions will be central to deciding performance in the future. In times of growth and expansion to new routes the probability of variation in service quality levels and variation in customer expectations is likely to be higher. How the airline can absorb such feedback to modify and fine tune its strategic marketing in the global surroundings is intriguing for managers, academics, and the wider industry -all having been amazed at the Emirates story so far. This study examines customer perceptions about service quality and relates it with market orientation to ponder oer the authority advancing for Emirates, clearly just aboutthing very central to research and practitioner interests in Emirates. The recommendations may also have some food for thought for the airline itself as it seeks continuous improvements for a story that is already a bestseller.From a methodological perspective the use of service q uality assessment approaches like the SERVQUAL and its embrasure with the market orientation of the company has been a motivation (Webb, 2000 Engelland, 1998 Devlin et al 2002 Van Pham and Simpson, 2006). That these have informed the airline industry among others on service quality, customer and market orientation among others make this research founded on robust theoretical and methodological cubic yard.1.3. Research Questions This disquisition seeks to examine service quality at emirates, and examine the way forward as the airline seeks to market its image in times of rapid investment and growth.The first builds upon the second as it is service quality perceptions as customer views that need to be the focus when shaping marketing strategies. This is in particular for a business model that is well resourced as in the case of Emirates and the main concern seems to be of monitoring and improving customer uptake of service quality as the airline grows. This is to be contextualized with the market orientation of the company so far for shaping key initiatives that can augment the alignment among customer perceptions of service with their expectations of the same.Thus three central questions that inform this dissertation are What factors affect service quality perceptions about Emirates airlines?What factors are perceived to be central in informing continuous service quality improvement initiatives? How do these perceptions associate with the market orientation of the airline from past initiatives? 1.4. Dissertation Outline The dissertation starts with an introduction to the context, scope and potential contributions from this study as here. The future(a) chapter examines the literature in detail examining the concept of quality before leading on to the idea of service quality and research to develop methodological and conceptual doubles around it. The idea of market orientation as a complement and associated aspect is also dwelled upon before closing the li terature review that also uses research evidence across industries including the airline industry.The hypotheses development chapter links the research questions to the backdrop of service quality drawing upon the research site of the airline industry and the conceptual orientation from the literature review. The Hypotheses are aligned closely with a structured instrument that is discussed in the approach and methodology chapter. The approach and methodology chapter also provides for a rationale for selection of methodology, issues in conducting the study, limitations, and a time plan based narrative of how the study has been conducted. The sample profile, data and methods in analyses description here is carried forward in the findings chapter where results associated with each of the hypotheses are presented. A discussion chapter connects the results for a further discussion on implications and then leads on to conclusions. Here the recommendations are once once again highlighte d as study deliverables under each of the research questions. This is followed by a discussion on study limitations that allow revisiting methodological limitations discussed before. The final chapter closes by some focused suggestions about future research in the area of service quality that are argued to be of much use for the industry and for globally expanding firms like the Emirates Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1 Introduction This comprehensive literature review builds up the agenda of examining service quality in extant literature by starting off in the realm of Quality itself. In discussing TQM and consumer expectations it opens up a window to start examining the specialized concept of service quality. This concept is discussed in all its nuances especially around SERVQUAL definite leap both conceptually and methodologically in this area. This is linked up with the idea of market orientation to pluck a conceptual backdrop relevant to the investigation under this study. The use of extant research both in the airline industry and in other industries provides for resources to adapt the concept of gaps and dichotomy between service expectations and perceptions to shape hypotheses and instrument to collect data for this study.2.2 The concept of Quality Quality has always concerned the societal intent of consumption. The reasons are fairly colloquial at one level where lack of quality can result in insufficient and unsatisfactory speech communication of requirements from a product or service. At another level given the growing obscureity of the business processes over the last century quality has evolved into a discipline characterized by an equally intertwined interface between declare, assurance, and management in general (Dooley, 2006). loosely speaking in the business context quality is the perception of the ability of a product to satisfy its users. By extension it also applies to the processes and management of the processes that shape the pro duct. However, the satisfying paradigm underpinning quality has multiple manifestations conformance, fittingness for use, fundamental minimum requirements vs. attractiveness, and as a matter of interest and individual disposition to name a few (e.g. Juran, 1945 Pirsig, 1974 Corsby, 1981 Kano, 1984 Reeves and Bednar, 1994).The definition of quality is rather difficult to come by because of the sheer nature of its wide applicability and strands of origin- ranging from the practical business origins to metaphysical origins. The American Society for Quality ably captures this subjectivity in understanding quality by stating it as a subjective term for which each person has their own definition (Wade, 2005 ASQ, 2007). Quality management is made up of two complementary aspects one is quality assurance and the other is quality program line. The former is about ensuring a basic minimum standard through upfront production process design. The latter is about reviewing and monitoring outpu t to wean out the defectives. Assurance is thus inherently preventive and control is mainly curative in a functional sense (Gunter, 1998).Irrespective of the disparate origins, quality management can be safely said to be largely associated with the idea of excellence. A range of concepts and their operationalisation stem from this broader view of quality and mark the growth in research and practice of quality management. Six Sigma, Quality Circles, and Total Quality Management- are but a few from amongst many such frames of reference (dti, 2007).The idea of quality at the advent of the century had been around as a selection paradigm- accepting the superior and rejecting the inferior and biased towards control at best- most of the time the evaluation came from the end user. Along the business value chain as production became large scale after the 1st World War- quality assurance procedures started becoming formalized. It was not only the end of the road customer assessment but also a series of filters ensuring only the better quality output being delivered to the customer made control and assurance an authorized in house practice . The inspection oriented quality control schema had its problems mainly in terms of competent individuals that could ascertain monitoring despite not being the know all skill set champions. Formalized roles of inspection and quality manager thus emerged and along side assurance models provided a great lift to quality management as a capability. Generic tools for quality management like the control chart emerged in the 1920s and statistical process control matured towards the middle of the century. The revival of the manufacturing of war torn Japan on mature principals of quality control and management finally brought quality management into the chief. By the end of 1970s it was a global pre-occupation with everyone trying to imitate the success of Japanese low cost and high quality products (dti, 2007 Dooley, 2006).When the word t otal quality came to the fore in 1970s and finally pinned quality management as a fundamental capability that ran through the organization. The Wests take on quality management was more about standards than culturalisation-but based around the same operational frameworks as in Japan. These gave rise to national standards in response to the need to have a quality association with the national economy as a whole. At the business level quality is now a key management responsibility and a functional paradigm that has continuous improvement at its very heart (Gitlow et al., 1989).Aside from the generalized profile of emergence of quality management above there are a few key landmarks that need to be noted. The first is probably the statistical developments in the 20s and 30s and the emergence of concepts related to probability of acceptance, risk, tolerance levels, and sampling aspects (Shewart, 1931 Dodge and Romig, 1959) establishment of standards and societies also marked the 1930s a nd 40s (Hutchins, 1995 Dooley, 2006).Industrial production was neer under as much pressure as in the II world War. composition quality assurance could not keep up with the pressure control came to the forefront to discipline acceptable working products. The maturing of the statistical processes and standards in this regard was a key development. The large scale transmission of these standards to the then military suppliers ensured that the War provided an speedup to the diffusion of quality management standards and systems (Dooley, 2006 Grant and Lang, 1991).With the end of the war in the formative phase of reconstruction quality was again given a less rushed attention. The role of top management, the interface between organisation wide processes, among others found attention. Total quality control came to the fore as a holistic concept with a stage gate approach right from design to delivery to consumer (Fiegenbaum, 1951, 1957, 1961).As mentioned, the post war Japanese revival i s a key factor in development of quality management. all over the 1950s and 1960s the ideas of cultaration of quality with pride in workmanship, top management behave, liberalized communication and quality circles took triumph stemming from Japanese success. The good practice concepts like quality circles emerged as competencies that were tightly woven into the culture of business unique to Japan and required some confinement when it came to imitation by the west (Koyangi, 1964 Deming, 1967 Juran, 1967). Quality became integral to organisational behaviour, goals, and associated personnel development.2.3 Total Quality Management, Consumer Expectations and Continuous Improvement The coining of Total Quality Management (TQM), encapsulates this coming of age of quality management as an indispensable competency in the competitive arena that is augmented by increasing customer expectations (Deming, 1986 Anderson et al., 1994 Akers 1991 Stratton, 1990). The main characteristics-changes and developments though numerous can be safely said to be around making quality -a responsibility for everyone, -a necessity rather than a differentiator, relate better to services and information, and ever increasing set of non-manufacturing industries. relate to best practices, dissemination and learning -recognized a key function and accordingly resourced in organizations reinforce the primacy of the customer (Green and Welsh, 1988 Marquardt, 1991 Dooley, 2006) As TQM goes from strength to strength the balance between assurance, control, and the new fangled third strand learning is becoming vital given the dynamic nature and complex requirements that are associated with quality (Green and Welsh, 1988). The standardized tools need to be customized for organisational applications with a sense to create the competitive edge-because the omnipresent paradigm itself is tending to defeat the objective to seeking the competitive edge through quality (Dean and Bowen, 1994). Context spec ificity or in other customization of model and tools is the call of the day for research and practice alike The generic nature however needs to be preserved in the background given wider economic and societal association of quality management. For instance, as new frontiers like e-commerce open a fertile bed of quality concepts and models will be very valuable for learning and adaptation to the economic and social context (Doty et al., 1993 Dooley, 2006). .However, having an adaptable bed for quality management across diverse industries to draw from is not sufficient. The societal realties have also undergone transition quality needs to broaden its founding grounds to reflect on new aspects like information management and the virtual realm where quality may have to question its own entrys that are profoundly rooted in manufacturing. The successful adaptation to non-manufacturing i.e. services however, is evidence of the emergent nature of quality management that can take on fres h challenges that include alignment to ever changing marketing and consumer orientation needs.2.4 Service Quality Service quality is a subjective concept that remains challenging to cook and to measure (Cronin and Taylor, 1992). This associates itself and can be understood as the application of total quality in the service sector in the main and also implying the service function in frontline delivery of product in other industries. The understanding of service quality has been synthesized from extant literature by Jennifer Rowley (1998). In her work it is seen as a perception judgment from a comparison of what they feel service organizations should offer and the performance of the organisation offering the services. There is no shortage of definitions that try to pack in comprehensiveness to this abstract concept. For instance, Hedvall and Paltschik (1989) refer to willingness and ability to serve with a mention of access, Lehtinen and Lehtinen(1982) view service quality in a thr ee-dimensional space that looks at interactive, physical and corporate quality facets. Furthermore Gronroos (1984) simplifies the idea by seeing service quality as shaped by technical and functional aspects of quality (Rowley ,1988).The link between service and performance and by extension satisfying the customer is challenging because services have a unique combination of characteristics. The first of these combinations is their intangibility- causing issues in measurement as they are a function of the experience of the customer. The next is their perish ability -meaning that they cannot delivered from lively stock and thus lending a dynamic nature to service delivery that is difficult to condition. The third is inseparability between production and consumption of service and the last is heterogeneity or customizability as each end user receives a different level-nature of service partly owing to individualized perceptions that are involved in assessment (Zeithaml et al., 1985 Row ley, 1998 Engelland, 1998 Webb, 2000 Devlin et al 2002).The need is thus to work on perceptions to assess quality given the cognitive frame of reference that dominates the characteristics of service. The associated requirement is to be able to classify services so as to peg a cognitive frame on a type of service. Such an attempt has provided for groupings within the service industry as a starting point to deliver customized measurement models (Dotchin and Oakland, 1994). The influences on consumer expectations have also been classified to augment such efforts (Gronroos,1994) . While the seminal work towards generic developments like SERVQUAL (Parasuram et al., 1988), provide founding grounds to service quality measurement- literature sees several issues in the applicability of this generic framework. This also relates to the comprehension exclusion and reconfiguration of the understanding of service attributes and the industry categories discussed before (e.g. Sasser, 1978 Dotchin and Oakland, 1994). A critical perspective on SERVQUAL comes later but upfront it is of essence is to recognize the immensity and complexity in measurement given the sheer abstractness of the idea of service and its quality.The customization of measurement efforts and models in light of different service industry groups has been key to efforts at improving measurement (Dotchin and Oakland, 1994). In SERVQUAL the conceptualization of satisfaction has been found to be too simplistic and the multiplicity of the total experience is arguably not captured this is in addition to the non-customized generic nature of the SERVQUAL. A longitudinal and sometimes phenomenological analysis is suggested to capture these nuanced but important characteristics of service quality (Singh, 1991 Rowley, 1994).However, the difficult in fashioning a comprehensive tool still disposes wider practice of measurement to simplistic methods. Important adjustments and realizations like the use of importance a nd satisfaction grid (Harvey, 1995) provide a very useful feedback and prioritization. For instance, high importance and poor satisfaction is a combination that merits urgent management attention.Another important variable in the service quality metric that needs to be accounted for is the nature of the contract. Again this is because of the attribute of psychological contracts that is unique in nature to services (Thornrow, 1998). This has found particular speak to in measurement related to provision of public services. Having formal, informal and psychological components in service contracts provide a platform for balancing expectations and perceptions. These are differently very difficult to manage given the basic characteristics of service discussed at the onset of this section. Finally the perceptual plane needs to be also looked at with a balance though by classical definition the perception of the customer is the defining feature of quality-for service quality in particular the perception of the provider and the resultant psychological interface is also key to the metric. The role of customers is also not to be taken uni-dimensionally. There are different stakeholder brackets eg. users, influencers, deciders, approvers that associate with a service category and also vary in their significance (Rowley, 1988). These influence the generic satisfaction and associated performance variable.Given this multiplicity and the psychologically complex nature of interactions, the relationship exchange process (Morgan and Hunt, 1994) is key to providing some cognitive stability to overtime service quality measurement. It is also a suitable conduit to ensure that feedback is smoothly translated into strategic action for improvement. Such relationships can be supported by associating service with some bonds (Chu and Lin, 2004). For instance, providing unique services, incentives, and even building social ties between provider and customer. However, on the other hand, the impact of such relationships on service quality needs to be moderated for a reliable assessment. They provide grounds for stabilising the psychological map to better associate performance and expectations but at the same time bias it.2.5 Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality Perceptions Broadly speaking customer satisfaction is a performance index number of the extent to which a firm has managed to meet customer expectations through its business deliverables. Having formed the foundation of the marketing concept for nearly half a century the attempts at harnessing the good practices and measurement approaches is a much explored realm when it comes to customer satisfaction (e.g. Drucker, 1954 Levitt 1960 Gronroos, 1990).Over the last few years customer satisfaction has received a reinvigorated interest. Possible reasons for this have been seen as the after effects of a maturing TQM paradigm that is linked with several recognition awards, and also, arrival of national custome r satisfaction barometers (Garvin, 1991 Johnson et al., 2001 Helgesen, 2006)The associated concept of customer relationship orientation is posits a strong link between customer loyalty and profitability with customer satisfaction (Zeithaml, 1988 Oliver, 1996). While customer loyalty has been referred to as central to competitive advantage (Porter, 1985 Chao, et al., 2007)- this is delivered through customer -satisfaction. This is the basic rationalization behind customer satisfaction being so central to both short term and long term performance assessment.That the ultimate aim of any firm is to achieve customer satisfaction remains the central thesis of market orientation (Levitt, 1960). Customer orientation seeks to align organizational values, beliefs, assumptions and exposit to deliver a mutually enabling relationship between the customer and the firm (Day, 1994 Strong and Harris, 2004).Strong and Harris ( 2004), define a set of tactical maneuvers that can deliver customer orie ntation. They define three sets of tactics. The first define relational tactics (essentially relationship marketing) that engages a nurturing philosophy for long run gains. The second tactic as human resource tactic is more about the direct interface with frontline of the customer and rest of the organisation -essentially empowering the front line through training and support to reap rewards of realized quality of experience of the customer. The final tactic relates to procedural aspects that routinise and systemize customer care and support systems. The study posits that there is a strong interaction and dependency between the three tactics. This key work that examines customer satisfaction and its manifestations under the customer orientation paradigm shares ground with some key extant literature (Narver and Slater, 1990)However, other studies tend to put one set of such aspects though differently labeled as more important than the others. For instance, Chao et al. (2007) say tha t while satisfaction remains an abstract idea sometime there is an overt component of interpersonal relationship building that because of over emphasis- preferably of complementing customer orientation tends wean resources away from conditioning deliverables to meet consumer expectations. Research suggests that such a lopsided drive is ill-found in the long run While relationship marketing remains important it has to be pegged on consumer satisfaction from products and services for sustainability (Chao et al., 2007).Businesses need to focus attention on relationship building. This however has to be conditioned for long run profitability. Customer satisfaction through meeting expectations from goods, transaction services and pure services, and a sustained follow up and support culture has to be the basis for relationship building. For instance, financial incentives/offers are likely to be ineffective and short lived if quality is undermined. As most of the research in customer orien tation gets focused on relationship building this is an important consideration to use as a moderator. Value to the customer can never be undermined for seeking short term profitability. This is because such profitability is not suitably tied in with satisfaction which in turn guides customer loyalty.Views to the contrasted also exist mainly from some practitioners. Bruce Clapp (2007) of the Carlson marketing group says that relationship strength is more important than satisfaction as a true indicator of loyalty. Customizing the experience of our customers, in-branch and in home, impacts the strength of relationship as it builds. In the experience, ensuring our message is relevant requires that we be closer to our customer. The communication we use, whether direct mail, e-mail or in person, must be tailored to the needs of the customer at an individual level. The term mass customization has gained ground as we look for ways to become partners with our customers and be there when th ey have a financial nee